THE PRESENCE OF DERMATOPHYTES AND OTHER FUNGAL AGENTS OBTAINED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES- A RESEARCH ARTICLE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.2382Keywords:
fungal agents, clinical sample, dermatophytesAbstract
In the current study, T. rubrum emerged as the predominant isolate from skin scales, accounting for 17 out of 24 cases, which aligns with findings from numerous other studies. This fungus is the most frequently identified agent from the glabrous skin of the body, including the groin folds and feet. T. mentagrophytes ranked as the second most common isolate from body sites, with 4 out of 24 cases (16.7%), consistent with previous research. E. floccosum was identified in two specimens from the skin, making it the third most common isolate from glabrous skin. T. violaceum was the primary isolate from the scalp and scalp hair, with 20 out of 25 cases, and remains the most prevalent agent in tinea capitis cases in India. Additionally, this agent was isolated from one specimen of skin scales. T. simii, a zoophilic species, was also isolated from scalp and scalp hair, representing the second most common isolate from this area at 3 out of 25 cases (12%). The overall prevalence of T. simii among dermatophytes is noted to be 1%, with a prevalence of 1.4% in tinea capitis reported in Tamil Nadu, India, and as high as 10% in Sri Lanka. T. rubrum was the least frequently isolated species from the scalp, with only 2 out of 25 cases, and is recognized as a common agent responsible for glabrous tinea capitis, typically seen in adults. Nail specimens yielded T. rubrum (2 out of 4) and T. mentagrophytes (2 out of 4), both of which are common pathogens affecting the nails. Malassezia spp. were isolated from 22 out of 39 samples (56.4%), with a higher prevalence in chronic cases (14 out of 22, or 63.6%) compared to achromic cases (8 out of 22, or 36.4%). This discrepancy may be attributed to the inclusion of a greater number of chronic pityriasis versicolor cases in the study group. The isolation rate of this agent in the present study appears significantly higher than in a previous study that reported a low culture positivity rate of 27.8%. Among the Candida spp., the non-albicans group was more prevalent than the C. albicans group, likely due to the higher number of HIV patients included in the study.
References
[1] Petmy LJ, Lando AJ, Kaptue L, Tchinda V, Folefack M. Superficial mycoses and HIV infection in Yaounde. J Eur Acad Deramtol Venereol 2004;8:301-4.
[2] 2. Emmons CW, Binford CH, Utz, Kwon-Chung KJ. Chapter 10, Dermatophytosis. In: Medical Mycology, (Lea and Febriger, Philadelphia) 1977. p. 117-67.
[3] 3. Kaviarasan PK, Jaisankar TJ, Thappa DM, Sujatha S. Clinical variations in dermatophytes in HIV infected patients. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2002;68:213-6.
[4] 4. Bindu V. Clinico-mycological study of dermatophytosis in Calicut. Indian J Dermatol venereol Leprol 2002;68:259-61.
[5] 5. Ellabib MS, Khalifa ZM. Dermatophytes and other fungi associated with skin mycoses in Tripoli, Libya. Ann Saud Med 2001;21:193-6.
[6] 6. Sentamil SG. Chronic dermatophytosis a clinical and aetiopathological study. 1995. Ph. D thesis submitted to University of Madras.
[7] 7. Lim JT, Chua HC, Goh CL. Deramtophyte and nonderamtophyte onychomycosis in Singapore. Aust J Dermatol 1992;33:159-63.
[8] 8. Kamalam A, Thambiah AS. Histological study in Tinea capitis. Mykosen 1981;24:431-41.
[9] 9. Hunda MM, Chakraborty N, Bordoloi JN. A clinicomycological study of superficial mycosis in upper Assam. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1995;61:329-32.
[10] 10. Kamalam A, Thambiah AS. Prevalence of deramtomycoses in www.ijmm.org [ pjg y, g , , ] July 2006 Kannan et al – Prevalence of Dermatophytes and other Fungal Agents 215 Madras city. Indian J Med Res 1981;73:513-8.
[11] 11. Kamalam A. Observationon te Gamut/ Galaxy of the fungal infections in Tamilnadu state. Kavaka 1984;12:15-36.
[12] 12. Kamalam A, Thambiah AS. Tinea capitis as endemic disease in Madras. Mycopathologica 1980;71:45-51.
[13] 13. Attapattu MC. A study of Tinea capitis in Sri Lanka. J Med Vet Mycol 1989;12:27-32.
[14] 14. Bosco VL, Birman EG, Cury AA, Paula CR. Yeasts from the oral cavity of children with AIDS: Exoenzyme production and antifungal resistance. Pesqui Odontol Bras 2003;17:217-22.
[15] 15. Maria Flora MM. Tinea nigra in a family. Indian J Dermatol 2003;48:47-8. 16. Svejgaard EL, Nilsson J. Onychomycosis in Denmark: Prevalence of fungal nail infection in general practice. Mycoses 2004;47:131-5.
[16] Havlickova B., Czaika V.A., Friedrich M. Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide. Mycoses. 2008;51:2–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[17] Hay R.J. Tinea Capitis: Current Status. Mycopathol. Et Mycol. Appl. 2017;182:87–93. doi: 10.1007/s11046-016-0058-8. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[18] Drake L.A., Dinehart S.M., Farmer E.R., Goltz R.W., Graham G.F., Hordinsky M.K., Lewis C.W., Pariser D.M., Skouge J.W., Webster S.B., et al. Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infectionsof the skin: Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea faciei, tinea manuum, and tinea pedis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1996;34:282–286. doi: 10.1016/S0190-9622(96)80135-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[19] Nussipov Y., Markabayeva A., Gianfaldoni S., Tchernev G., Wollina U., Lotti J., Roccia M.G., Fioranelli M., Lotti T. Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Dermatophyte Infections in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2017;5:409–413. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.124. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[20] Gräser Y., Scott J., Summerbell R. The New Species Concept in Dermatophytes—a Polyphasic Approach. Mycopathologia. 2008;166:239–256. doi: 10.1007/s11046-008-9099-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[21] Garg J., Tilak R., Garg A., Prakash P., Gulati A.K., Nath G. Rapid detection of dermatophytes from skin and hair. BMC Res. Notes. 2009;2:60. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-60. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[22] Nweze E., Eke I.E. Dermatophytes and dermatophytosis in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. Med. Mycol. 2017;56:13–28. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myx025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[23] Richard J.L., Debey M.C., Chermette R., Pier A.C., Hasegawa A., Lund A., Bratberg A.M., Padhye A.A., Connole M.D. Advances in veterinary mycology. J. Med Vet. Mycol. 1994;32:169–187. doi: 10.1080/02681219480000811. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[24] Rouzaud C., Hay R., Chosidow O., Dupin N., Puel A., Lortholary O., Lanternier F. Severe Dermatophytosis and Acquired or Innate Immunodeficiency: A Review. J. Fungi. 2015;2:4. doi: 10.3390/jof2010004. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[25] Marconi V.C., Kradin R., Marty F.M., Hospenthal D.R., Kotton C.N. Disseminated dermatophytosis in a patient with hereditary hemochromatosis and hepatic cirrhosis: Case report and review of the literature. Med. Mycol. 2010;48:518–527. doi: 10.3109/13693780903213512. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
