An Impact of reinforcement on Aluminum metal matrix composites: A critical Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.3128Keywords:
Advance hard to cut material, Stir Casting, AMC, reinforcement, SiC, B4CAbstract
Now a days in many of the industries adopted advanced material for long lasting and efficient product and this can be possible by some advanced material such as composites made by matrix material and reinforcement. Metal matrix composite (MMC) is a revolutionary and novel material with good mechanical properties, higher specific stiffness, decent tribological property, better strength, lighter in weightiness, high creep resistance, higher thermal conductivity, improved toughness, high corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, low density. MMCs are known as nascent material due to its excellent and improved properties over parent matrix material. Applications of MMCs in various field such as automobile industries, aviation industries, agricultural industries, manufacturing industries, Pharma industries, structural industries and defense sector. These materials can be machined by various machines such as conventional machines with some constraints such as tool wear, tool worn out, machined with lower surface finish, less material removal rate, more time consumed and higher vibrations. These type of MMCs could be machined efficiently with unconventional machines such as laser beam machine, Electro discharge machining, Abrasive jet machining, Electro chemical machining, Electron beam machining, and Wire electro discharge machining (WEDM). The review article aims to explore various criteria of advanced hard to cut materials. This review article focused on various types of MMCs, types, manufacturing methods, process parameters, research methodology, and research findings. The article revealed that aluminum metal matrix with SiC and B4C reinforcement are most prominent material in terms of its excellent mechanical properties and application in the various industries.
References
[1] P. K. Gajjar, B. C. Khatri, A. M. Siddhpura, and M. A. Siddhpura, “Sensitization and Desensitization (Healing) in Austenitic Stainless Steel: A Critical Review,” Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, vol. 75, no. 6. Springer, pp. 1411–1427, Jun. 01, 2022. doi: 10.1007/s12666-021-02439-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02439-8
[2] H. Alrobei, “Effect of different parameters and aging time on wear resistance and hardness of SiC-B4C reinforced AA6061 alloy,” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 2027–2034, May 2020, doi: 10.1007/s12206-020-0424-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0424-9
[3] C. Ravi, B. Naik, and U. U. Prakash, “Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Boron Carbide Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites,” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323614518
[4] K. Singh, R. S. Rana, and A. Pandey, “Fabrication and Mechanical properties characterization of aluminium alloy LM24/B4C composites,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 701–708. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.01.075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.01.075
[5] D. Kumar and P. K. Singh, “Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Al-4032 based Metal Matrix Composites,” 2019. [Online]. Available: www.sciencedirect.comwww.materialstoday.com/proceedings2214-7853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.114
[6] P. Vijay, K. v Brahma Raju, K. Ramji, and S. Kamaluddin, “EFFECT OF TUNGSTEN CARBIDE ON Al6061/SiC HYBRID METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES,” vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 169–180, 2021.
[7] K. P S, “An Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium 6061 Alloy Reinforced with Boron Carbide and Silicon Carbide,” Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 726–735, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2021.39363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39363
[8] P. B. Pawar, R. M. Wabale, and A. A. Utpat, “A Comprehensive Study of Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composites: Challenges and Opportunities,” Mater Today Proc, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 23937–23944, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.186
[9] B. Chandra Kandpal, J. Kumar, and H. Singh, “Production Technologies of Metal Matrix Composite: A Review,” vol. 4, no. 2.
[10] J. Udaya Prakash, S. Jebarose Juliyana, P. Pallavi, and T. v. Moorthy, “Optimization of Wire EDM Process Parameters for Machining Hybrid Composites (356/B4C/Fly Ash) using Taguchi Technique,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 7275–7283. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.395
[11] S. Ananth, J. Udaya Prakash, S. Jebarose Juliyana, C. Sarala Rubi, and A. Divya Sadhana, “Effect of process parameters on WEDM of Al - Fly ash composites using Taguchi Technique,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, vol. 39, pp. 1786–1790. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.615
[12] Gaurav Kumar Nagar and Kanchan Mishra, “Characterization of Al Matrix Composite with SiC Particles,” International Journal of Emerging Trends in Research, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 12–19, 2016.
[13] A. S. Gore and N. G. Patil, “Wire electro discharge machining of metal matrix composites: A review,” Procedia Manuf, vol. 20, pp. 41–52, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.006
[14] R. Venkatesh, V. S. Rao, and S. Ashwin Kannan, “Machinability analysis and edm process optimization on the hybrid nano particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites,” Int J Eng Adv Technol, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1162–1174, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.35940/ijeat.A9512.109119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.A9512.109119
[15] R. Karmakar and P. Maji, “Research advancements in machining of metal matrix composites through wire electro discharge machining technique,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, vol. 44, pp. 4457–4461. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.717. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.717
[16] B. Hwa Yan, H. C. Tsai, F. Yuan Huang, and L. Chorng Lee, “Examination of wire electrical discharge machining of Al2O 3p/6061Al composites,” Int J Mach Tools Manuf, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 251–259, Mar. 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.08.015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.08.015
[17] N. G. Patil and P. K. Brahmankar, “Determination of material removal rate in wire electro-discharge machining of metal matrix composites using dimensional analysis,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 51, no. 5–8, pp. 599–610, Nov. 2010, doi: 10.1007/s00170-010-2633-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2633-3
[18] P. K. Jain, N. K. Jain, P. Shandilya, and N. K. Jain, “Modeling and analysis of surface roughness in WEDC of SiCP/6061 Al MMC through response surface methodology Modeling and analysis of surface roughness in WEDC of SiC P /6061 Al MMC through response surface methodology,” 2011. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50392109
[19] D. Satishkumar, M. Kanthababu, R. Saravanan, T. Moorthy, P. Saravanan, and G. Srinivasan, “Optimization of WEDM parameters on machining of A17075 based hybrid MMCs,” Advanced Composites Letters, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 100–106, 2012, doi: 10.1177/096369351202100403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/096369351202100403
[20] P. Shandilya, P. K. Jain, and N. K. Jain, “Parametric optimization during wire electrical discharge machining using response surface methodology,” in Procedia Engineering, 2012, vol. 38, pp. 2371–2377. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.283
[21] P. Shandilya, P. K. Jain, and N. K. Jain, “On wire breakage and microstructure in WEDC of SiCp/6061 aluminum metal matrix composites,” in International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Aug. 2012, vol. 61, no. 9–12, pp. 1199–1207. doi: 10.1007/s00170-012-4095-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4095-2
[22] C. v Sriram and C. V. S. Parameswara Rao, “Prediction and Control of Cutting Parameters for Machining Al-Sic MMC Material by Wire Cut EDM Process,” International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology, vol. 6, 2013, [Online]. Available: www.ijcstjournal.org
[23] P. Shandilya, P. K. Jain, and N. K. Jain, “RSM and ANN modeling approaches for predicting average cutting speed during WEDM of SiCp/6061 Al MMC,” in Procedia Engineering, 2013, vol. 64, pp. 767–774. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.152
[24] R. N. Marigoudar and K. Sadashivappa, “Effect of Machining Parameters on MRR and Surface Roughness in Machining of ZA43/ SiCp Composite by WEDM,” 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/096369351202100302
[25] R. K. Fard, R. A. Afza, and R. Teimouri, “Experimental investigation, intelligent modeling and multi-characteristics optimization of dry WEDM process of Al-SiC metal matrix composite,” J Manuf Process, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 483–494, Oct. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2013.09.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2013.09.002
[26] V. K. Saini, V. K. Saini, Z. A. Khan, and A. N. Siddiquee, “OPTIMIZATION OF WIRE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL (AL6061/SICP) USING TAGUCHI METHOD,” 2013.
[27] J. M. Peter, J. Udaya Prakash, and T. v. Moorthy, “Optimization of WEDM process parameters of hybrid composites (A413/B4C/fly ash) using grey relational analysis,” in Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, vol. 592–594, pp. 658–662. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.592-594.658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.592-594.658
[28] A. Srivastava, C. Mohan, M. Pagrani, and S. Kumar, “Experimental Investigation of Wire EDM Process Parameteres on Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Al2024/SiC,” Int J Med Public Health, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 511, 2014, doi: 10.4103/2230-8598.144134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51976/ijari.221431
[29] A. Sharma, M. P. Garg, and K. K. Goyal, “Prediction of Optimal Conditions for WEDM of Al 6063/ ZrSiO 4(p) MMC,” Procedia Materials Science, vol. 6, pp. 1024–1033, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.173
[30] T. B. Rao and A. G. Krishna, “Selection of optimal process parameters in WEDM while machining Al7075/SiCp metal matrix composites,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 73, no. 1–4, pp. 299–314, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s00170-014-5780-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5780-0
[31] A. Pramanik and G. Littlefair, “Wire EDM Mechanism of MMCs with the Variation of Reinforced Particle Size,” Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 1700–1708, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1080/10426914.2015.1117621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2015.1117621
[32] P. Shandilya, P. K. Jain, and N. K. Jain, “Modelling and process optimisation for wire electric discharge machining of metal matrix compositesin *Corresponding author,” 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMM.2016.077713
[33] A. Pramanik, “Electrical discharge machining of MMCs reinforced with very small particles.”
[34] M. P. Garg and A. Sharma, “Examination of accuracy aspect in machining of ZrSiO4p/6063 aluminium MMC using CNC Wire Electrical Discharge Machining,” Composites Communications, vol. 6, pp. 6–10, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.coco.2017.07.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2017.07.002
[35] J. M. Pujara, K. D. Kothari, and A. v. Gohil, “Process Parameter Optimization for MRR and Surface Roughness during Machining LM6 Aluminum MMC on WEDM,” Advanced Engineering Forum, vol. 20, pp. 42–50, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.20.42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.20.42
[36] J. JamesS and J. James, “Development of Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite and study of property,” 2018. [Online]. Available: www.sciencedirect.comwww.materialstoday.com/proceedings2214-7853
[37] P. B. Prakash, K. Brahma Raju, K. Venkatasubbaiah, and N. Manikandan, “Microstructure Analysis and Evaluation of Mechanical Propertiesof Al 7075 GNP’s Composites,” 2018. [Online]. Available: www.sciencedirect.comwww.materialstoday.com/proceedings DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.03.010
[38] A. Dey and K. M. Pandey, “Wire electrical discharge machining characteristics of AA6061/cenosphere as-cast aluminum matrix composites,” Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1346–1353, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1080/10426914.2017.1388517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2017.1388517
[39] R. Ramanujam, P. A. Shinde, R. Kadam, A. Dey, and H. Shinde, “Estimation of optimum machining parameters and surface characterization for WEDM of AA7075/10/Al₂O₃ (p) MMC through multi-objective optimization,” 2018. [Online]. Available: www.sciencedirect.comwww.materialstoday.com/proceedings2214-7853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.211
[40] A. K. Srivastava et al., “Surface integrity in wire-EDM tangential turning of in situ hybrid metal matrix composite A359/B 4 C/Al 2 O 3,” Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 122–133, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1515/secm-2017-0391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2017-0391
[41] M. R. Phate, S. B. Toney, and V. R. Phate, “Analysis of Machining Parameters in WEDM of Al/SiCp20 MMC Using Taguchi-Based Grey-Fuzzy Approach,” Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, vol. 2019, 2019, doi: 10.1155/2019/1483169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1483169
[42] S. Ponnuvel and N. Senthilkumar, “A study on machinability evaluation of Al-Gr-B 4 C MMC using response surface methodology-based desirability analysis and artificial neural network technique,” 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJRAPIDM.2019.10017666
[43] N. Manikandan, K. Balasubramanian, D. Palanisamy, P. M. Gopal, D. Arulkirubakaran, and J. S. Binoj, “Machinability Analysis and ANFIS modelling on Advanced Machining of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites for Aerospace Applications,” Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 34, no. 16, pp. 1866–1881, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1080/10426914.2019.1689264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2019.1689264
[44] S. Suresh and D. Sudhakara, “Investigations on Wire Electric Discharge Machining and Mechanical Behavior of Al 7075/Nano-SiC Composites,” Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 217–227, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s40033-019-00198-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-019-00198-x
[45] N. Kanth Grover and A. Kumar, “CHEMBIOEN-2020 Special Issue WEDM process parameter optimization for newly developed hybrid Al/(SiC + Gr + Fe 2 O 3 )-MMC,” 2020.
[46] A. Kumar et al., “Investigating the influence of wedm process parameters in machining of hybrid aluminum composites,” Advanced Composites Letters, vol. 29, pp. 1–14, 2020, doi: 10.1177/2633366x20963137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X20963137
[47] K. Raju and M. Balakrishnan, “Experimental study and analysis of operating parameters in wire EDM process of aluminium metal matrix composites,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, vol. 22, pp. 869–873. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.036
[48] J. Singh and S. Saini, “Analysis of Surface Characteristics for Al-SiC Metal Matrix Composites Machined by Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM),” Indian J Sci Technol, vol. 13, no. 09, pp. 1027–1034, 2020, doi: 10.17485/ijst/2020/v13i09/148091. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2020/v013i09/148091
[49] S. N. Alam and L. Kumar, “Mechanical properties of aluminium based metal matrix composites reinforced with graphite nanoplatelets,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 667, pp. 16–32, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.054. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.054
[50] E. Ekici, A. R. Motorcu, and A. Kuş, “Evaluation of surface roughness and material removal rate in the wire electrical discharge machining of Al/B4C composites via the Taguchi method,” J Compos Mater, vol. 50, no. 18, pp. 2575–2586, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.1177/0021998315609788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998315609788
[51] M. Geeta Rani, C. Rao, and K. Rama Kotaiah, “Experimental Investigation on Optimization of the Controlling Factors for Machining Al 6061/MoS2 Metal Matrix Composites with Wire EDM,” 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ripublication.com
[52] S. Karthik, K. S. Prakash, P. M. Gopal, and S. Jothi, “Influence of materials and machining parameters on WEDM of Al/AlCoCrFeNiMo 0.5 MMC,” Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 759–768, May 2019, doi: 10.1080/10426914.2019.1594250.
[53] V. P. Goutham Murari, G. Selvakumar, and C. Chandrasekhara Sastry, “Experimental investigation of wire-edm machining of low conductive al-sic-tic metal matrix composite,” Metals (Basel), vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1–31, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.3390/met10091188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091188
[54] K. Ishfaq et al., “Optimization of WEDM for precise machining of novel developed Al6061-7.5% SiC squeeze-casted composite,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 111, no. 7–8, pp. 2031–2049, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00170-020-06218-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06218-5
[55] R. Soundararajan, A. Ramesh, K. Ponappa, S. Sivasankaran, and D. Arvind, “Optimization of WEDM process parameters by RSM in machining of stir cum squeeze cast A413–B4C composites,” SN Appl Sci, vol. 2, no. 11, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s42452-020-03409-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03409-3
[56] T. Babu Rao and A. Gopala Krishna, “Simultaneous optimization of multiple performance characteristics in WEDM for machining ZC63/SiCp MMC,” Adv Manuf, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 265–275, 2013, doi: 10.1007/s40436-013-0029-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-013-0029-y
[57] R. Meenakshi and P. Suresh, “WEDM of Cu/WC/SiC composites: development and machining parameters using artificial immune system,” J Exp Nanosci, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 12–25, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1080/17458080.2019.1708331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2019.1708331
[58] S. Bose and T. Nandi, “Statistical and experimental investigation using a novel multi-objective optimization algorithm on a novel titanium hybrid composite developed by lens process,” Proc Inst Mech Eng C J Mech Eng Sci, vol. 235, no. 16, pp. 2911–2933, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1177/0954406220959101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406220959101
[59] S. Bose and T. Nandi, “Parametric optimization of WEDM on hybrid titanium matrix composite using response surface methodology,” Multiscale and Multidisciplinary Modeling, Experiments and Design, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 187–194, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s41939-020-00088-w. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-020-00088-w
[60] A. Bhowmik, D. Dey, and A. Biswas, “Characteristics Study of Physical, Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of SiC/TiB2 Dispersed Aluminium Matrix Composite,” Silicon, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1133–1146, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12633-020-00923-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00923-2
[61] H. Rathore and M. Kumar Singh, “FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINIUM MATRIX COMPOSITE AA6082/TIC.” [Online]. Available: www.irjmets.com
[62] N. Muralidharan, K. Chockalingam, K. Kalaiselvan, and N. Nithyavathy, “Investigation of AA6061-K 2 ZrF 6-ZrO 2 Metal Matrix Composites Using Stir Casting Route.”
[63] G. Upadhyay and K. K. Saxena, “Role of Stir Casting in development of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite (AMC): An Overview,” IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, vol. 1116, no. 1, p. 012022, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1116/1/012022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1116/1/012022
[64] S. Jebarose Juliyana and J. Udaya Prakash, “Optimization of Machining Parameters for Wire EDM of AMCs (LM5/ZrO2) using Taguchi Technique,” INCAS Bulletin, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 57–68, 2022, doi: 10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.1.5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.1.5
[65] R. Saravanan, G. Anbuchezhiyan, V. K. Mamidi, and P. Kumaran, “Optimizing WEDM Parameters on Nano-SiC-Gr Reinforced Aluminum Composites Using RSM,” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/1612539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1612539
[66] J. Pradeep Kumar and D. S. Robinson Smart, “Study on mechanical and wear behaviour of AA7075/TaC/Si3N4/Ti hybrid metal matrix composites,” International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science, vol. 10, no. 1, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.4018/IJSEIMS.2022010105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSEIMS.2022010105
[67] S. J. Juliyana, J. U. Prakash, S. Salunkhe, H. M. A. Hussein, and S. R. Gawade, “Mechanical Characterization and Microstructural Analysis of Hybrid Composites (LM5/ZrO2/Gr),” Crystals (Basel), vol. 12, no. 9, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.3390/cryst12091207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091207
[68] A. Kareem, J. A. Qudeiri, A. Abdudeen, T. Ahammed, and A. Ziout, “A review on aa 6061 metal matrix composites produced by stir casting,” Materials, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–22, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.3390/ma14010175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010175
[69] S. Srivastava, V. Malik, M. K. Bhatnagar, and N. Verma, “Characterization of Aluminium Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites,” 2021, doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-648677/v1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-648677/v1
[70] M. Challan, S. Jeet, D. K. Bagal, L. Mishra, A. K. Pattanaik, and A. Barua, “Fabrication and mechanical characterization of red mud based Al2025-T6 MMC using Lichtenberg optimization algorithm and Whale optimization algorithm,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, vol. 50, pp. 1346–1353. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.274
[71] P. Samal, B. Surekha, and P. R. Vundavilli, “Experimental Investigations on Microstructure, Mechanical Behavior and Tribological analysis of AA5154/SiC Composites by Stir Casting,” Silicon, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 3317–3328, May 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12633-021-01115-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01115-2
[72] D. Dey, A. Bhowmik, and A. Biswas, “Effect of SiC Content on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Al2024-SiC Composites,” Silicon, vol. 14, no. 1, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12633-020-00757-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00757-y
[73] K. Vijayakumar, L. Prabhu, B. S. Subin, S. Satheen, and K. Vaishnav, “Development of hybrid aluminium metal matrix composites for marine applications,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Dec. 2020, vol. 993, no. 1. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/993/1/012016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/993/1/012016
[74] C. Fenghong, C. Chang, W. Zhenyu, T. Muthuramalingam, and G. Anbuchezhiyan, “Effects of Silicon Carbide and Tungsten Carbide in Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites,” Silicon, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 2625–2632, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s12633-018-0051-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-018-0051-6
[75] A. K. Srivastava, “Assessment of mechanical properties and EDM machinability on A16063/SiC MMC produced by stir casting,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019, vol. 25, pp. 630–634. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.429
[76] S. A. Dar et al., “Investigations on the effect of electrical discharge machining process parameters on the machining behavior of aluminium matrix composites,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, vol. 48, pp. 1048–1054. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.126
[77] A. Jamwal, U. K. Vates, P. Gupta, A. Aggarwal, and B. P. Sharma, “Fabrication and characterization of Al2O3–TiC-reinforced aluminum matrix composites,” in Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, Pleiades journals, 2019, pp. 349–356. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-6412-9_33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6412-9_33
[78] B. C. Kandpal, J. Kumar, and H. Singh, “Fabrication and characterisation of Al2O3/aluminium alloy 6061 composites fabricated by Stir casting,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 2783–2792. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.157
[79] H. A. Al-Salihi, A. A. Mahmood, and H. J. Alalkawi, “Mechanical and wear behavior of AA7075 aluminum matrix composites reinforced by Al2O3 nanoparticles,” Nanocomposites, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 67–73, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1080/20550324.2019.1637576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20550324.2019.1637576
[80] V. Mohanavel, K. Rajan, P. v. Senthil, and S. Arul, “Mechanical behaviour of hybrid composite (AA6351+Al2O3+Gr) fabricated by stir casting method,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 3093–3101. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.192
[81] V. Mohanavel, K. Rajan, S. Suresh Kumar, G. Vijayan, and M. S. Vijayanand, “Study on mechanical properties of graphite particulates reinforced aluminium matrix composite fabricated by stir casting technique,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 2945–2950. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.01.090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.01.090
[82] T. Hariprasad, K. Varatharajan, and S. Ravi, “Wear characteristics of B4C and Al2O3 reinforced with Al 5083 metal matrix based hybrid composite,” in Procedia Engineering, 2014, vol. 97, pp. 925–929. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.368
[83] S. M. Kumar, E. Govindaraj, S. S. S. Girish, C. Yaswanth, and G. S. Bharath, “Fabrication and characterization of aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced with graphite,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, vol. 45, pp. 6708–6711. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.237
[84] S. Vijay, S. M. Sutharsan, and M. M. Prasad, “Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium 6061 Metal matrix with Boron Carbide and Graphite.” [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340874829
[85] SM. Sutharsan, P. Senthilkumar, B. Koodalingam, U. Nattarselvi, K. Murali Kumar, and B. Gnanakumar, “WITHDRAWN: Analysis of mechanical behavior of Al 6061 metal matrix with boron carbide and graphite,” Mater Today Proc, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.354
[86] D. Rajesh, P. Anand, N. Lenin, V. K. Bupesh Raja, K. Palanikumar, and V. Balaji, “Investigations on the mechanical properties of tungsten carbide reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites by stir casting,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, vol. 46, pp. 3618–3620. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.634.
[87] U. B. G. Krishna, B. Vasudeva, V. Auradi, and M. Nagaral, “Effect of Percentage Variation on Wear Behaviour of Tungsten Carbide and Cobalt Reinforced Al7075 Matrix Composites Synthesized by Melt Stirring Method,” J Bio Tribocorros, vol. 7, no. 3, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s40735-021-00528-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-021-00528-1
[88] P. Anand, D. Rajesh, N. Lenin, V. Balaji, V. K. Bupesh Raja, and K. Palanikumar, “Enhancement of mechanical characterization of aluminum alloy with tungsten carbide metal matrix composite by particulate reinforcements,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, vol. 46, pp. 3690–3692. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.848. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.848
[89] D. Rajesh, P. Anand, N. Lenin, V. K. Bupesh Raja, K. Palanikumar, and V. Balaji, “Investigations on the mechanical properties of tungsten carbide reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites by stir casting,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, vol. 46, pp. 3618–3620. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.634
[90] A. Dhilipa, “Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Composite (Al-7075/WC& Fly-Ash) Fabricated by Stir Casting Process,” Jan. 2022. doi: 10.4108/eai.7-12-2021.2314709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-12-2021.2314709
[91] N. A. Babu, B. Balu Naik, and B. Ravi, “ScienceDirect Microstructure and Mechanical properties of As-cast Al7075-Tungsten carbide metal matrix composites,” 2019. [Online]. Available: www.sciencedirect.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.319
[92] A. R. Krishna, A. Arun, D. Unnikrishnan, and K. v Shankar, “An Investigation On The Mechanical And Tribological Properties Of Alloy A356 On The Addition Of WC,” 2018. [Online]. Available: www.sciencedirect.comwww.materialstoday.com/proceedings2214-7853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.213
[93] V. Singh, S. Kesarwani, and M. S. Niranjan, “IMPACT OF VARIATION IN SIZES OF BORON CARBIDE ON PROPERTIES OF NOVEL COMPOSITE OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY 6063-T6 AND BORON CARBIDE,” 2021. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijeast.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.33564/IJEAST.2021.v06i07.050
[94] P. S. Reddy, R. Kesavan, and B. Vijaya Ramnath, “Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium 6061-Silicon Carbide, Boron Carbide Metal Matrix Composite,” Silicon, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 495–502, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12633-016-9479-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-016-9479-8
[95] N. R. J. Hynes, R. Sankaranarayanan, R. Tharmaraj, C. I. Pruncu, and D. Dispinar, “A comparative study of the mechanical and tribological behaviours of different aluminium matrix–ceramic composites,” Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, vol. 41, no. 8, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s40430-019-1831-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1831-7
[96] H. Al-Ethari and Z. Fadhil, “Investigation of the Effect of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining on the Fracture Toughness of Aluminum-Boron Carbide Composite,” IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, vol. 1094, no. 1, p. 012162, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1094/1/012162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1094/1/012162
[97] N. R. J. Hynes, S. Raja, R. Tharmaraj, C. I. Pruncu, and D. Dispinar, “Mechanical and tribological characteristics of boron carbide reinforcement of AA6061 matrix composite,” Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, vol. 42, no. 4, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s40430-020-2237-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-2237-2
[98] S. K. Garg, A. Manna, and A. Jain, “An Experimental Investigation for Optimization of WEDM Parameters During Machining of Fabricated Al/ZrO2(p)-MMC,” Arab J Sci Eng, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 3471–3483, 2013, doi: 10.1007/s13369-013-0657-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-013-0657-3
[99] M. Ravichandran, M. Meignanamoorthy, G. P. Chellasivam, J. Vairamuthu, A. S. Kumar, and B. Stalin, “ScienceDirect Effect of Stir Casting Parameters on Properties of Cast Metal Matrix Composite,” 2019. [Online]. Available: www.sciencedirect.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.391
[100] K. G. C, P. Graduate Student, A. M. Devi, A. Professor, and C. P. S Prakash, “Parametric Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining by Taguchi Technique on Composite Material.” [Online]. Available: www.ijert.org
[101] R. Garg, “Effect of process parameters on performance measures of wire electrical discharge machining,” Mechanical engineering department, vol. Ph.D., p. 284, 2010, [Online]. Available: http://nitkkr.ac.in/nit_kuk/docs/Ph.D._Thesis_by_Rohit_Garg.pdf
[102] S. Karthik, K. S. Prakash, P. M. Gopal, and S. Jothi, “Influence of materials and machining parameters on WEDM of Al/AlCoCrFeNiMo 0.5 MMC,” Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 759–768, May 2019, doi: 10.1080/10426914.2019.1594250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2019.1594250
[103] H. Yan, B. Djo Kabongo, H. Zhou, C. Wu, and Z. Chen, “Analysis and optimization of the machining characteristics of high-volume content sicp/al composite in wire electrical discharge machining,” Crystals (Basel), vol. 11, no. 11, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.3390/cryst11111342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111342
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.