Fixed-Bed Column Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Dried Activated Sludge: Modeling and Optimization with ANNs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.4275Keywords:
Artificial neural network (ANN), died activated sludge, methylene blue, fixed bed adsorption, modellingAbstract
This study investigates the continuous adsorption of methylene blue (MB) onto dried activated sludge in a fixed-bed column. The effects of key operational parameters—initial MB concentration (50-300 mg/L), flow rate (2.5-7 mL/min), and bed height (2.5-5 cm)—on the breakthrough behavior were systematically examined. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict the dynamic adsorption process. The ANN demonstrated exceptional predictive power, achieving a near-perfect correlation (R = 0.998) with low error values (RMSE = 0.018). Sensitivity analysis further revealed the relative importance of each input parameter. The results conclusively establish the ANN as a powerful and accurate tool for modeling the complex dynamics of MB adsorption onto this waste-derived adsorbent, facilitating potential process optimization.
References
[1] G. McKay, J.F. Porter, G.R. Prasad, Water Air Soil Pollut. 1999, 114, 423-438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005197308228.
[2] H. Yoshida, T. Takemori, Water Sci Technol. 1997, 35, 29-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00111-X.
[3] A.N. Fernandes, C.A. Almeida, N.A. Debacher, M.M. Souza Sierra, J Mol Struct. 2010 , 982, 62–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.08.006.
[4] A. O¨zer, G. Akkaya, M. Turabik, J Hazard Mater. 2005, 126, 119–127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.06.018.
[5] D.O. Cooney, Sep Sci Technol. 1992, 27, 2001-2019. DOI: 10.1080/01496399208019461.
[6] A. Mohagheghian , K. Ayagh , K. Godini , M. Shirzad-Siboni, Part Sci Technol. 2019, 37, 358-370. DOI :https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2017.1376363.
[7] M. Shirzad-Siboni , A. Khataee , F. Vafaei , S.W. Joo, Korean J Chem Eng. 2014, 31, 1451-1459 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-014-0085-4.
[8] G. Dursun , H.C. Ic¸ek, A.Y. Dursun, J Hazard Mater .2005, B125, 175–182. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.05.023.
[9] H. Cherifi , S. Hanini , F. Bentahar, Appl Surf Sci .2013, 282 ,52–59.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.05.031.
[10] Z. Aksu, Biochem Eng J. 2001, 7, 79–84. DOI:10.1016/S1369-703X(00)00098-X.
[11] Z. Xu, J.G. CAI , B.C. PAN, J Zhejiang Univ-Sci A (Appl Phys& Eng). 2013, 14(3),155-176.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1300029.
[12] J. Zhang, P. Zhang , S. Zhang , Q. Zhou , Sep Sci Technol .2014, 49,877-886. DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.863340.
[13]M. Güler, S. Çetintaş, D. Bingöl, Int J Environ Anal Chem . 2019, 1, 735-757. DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2019.1670171.
[14] H. Kaşgöz, Colloids Surf .2005, 266, 44-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.05.044.
[15] T.E.M. De Carvalho, D.A. Fungaro, C.P. Magdalena, P. Cunico, J Radioanal Nuc Chem .2011, 289(2),617-626. DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1125-8.
[16] F.S.C. Dos Anjos, E.F.S. Vieira, A.R. Cestari, J Colloid Interface Sci. 2002, 253, 243-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8537.
[17] N.S. Maurya, A.K. Mittal, P. Cornel, E. Rother , Biosorption Bioresour Technol. 2006, 97 ,512–521.DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.045 .
[18] T.L. Hu, Water Sci Technol.1996, 34 : 89–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(96)00701-9.
[19] N. Ertugay, Y.K. Bayhan, J Hazard Mater. 2008, 154, 432–439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.070.
[20] S.T. Akar, A. Gorgulu, Z. Kaynak, B. Anilan, T. Akar, Chem Eng J. 2009, 148, 26–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2008.07.027.
[21] Z. Aksu , T. Kutsal , S. Gu¨ n , N. Haciosmanoglu , M. Gholaminejad , Environ Technol .1991, 12 , 915–921. DOI: 10.1080/09593339109385086 .
[22] Z. Aksu, J. Yener, Process Biochem .1998, 33, 649–655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00029-6.
[23] M. Tsezos , J.P. Bell, Water Res.1989, 23, 561–568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(89)90022-5.
[24] V. Baiju, C. Muraleedharan , ISRN Thermodynamics 8 Article ID 102376. Available. (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/102376. DOI: 10.5402/2012/102376.
[25] V. Baiju , C. Muraleedharan , In: Proceedings Inst Mech Engineers, Part C: J. Mechanical Engineering Sci. 2012, DOI: 10.1177/0954406212448606.
[26] I.A. Basheer , M. Hajmeer , J Microbiol Methods. 2000, 43, 3-31. DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(00)00201-3
[27] C. Si-Moussa , S. Hanini , R. Derriche , M. Bouhedda , A. Bouzidi A, Braz J Chem Eng .2008, 25,183-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322008000100019.
[28] J. Bryjak , K. Ciesielski , I. Zbicinski , J Biotechnol .2004, 114,177-185. DOI :https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.07.003.
[29] L. Cavas , Z. Karabay , H. Alyuruk ,H. Doğan , G.K. Demir, Chem Eng J.2004, 171,557-562. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.04.030.
[30] R. Tovar-Gómez , M.R. Moreno-Virgen, J.A. Dena- Aguilar, V. Hernández-Montoya , A. Bonilla- Petriciolet, M.A. Montes-Morán, Chem Eng J.2013, 228,1098-1109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.05.080.
[31]M.A. Dalhat, N.D.Mu'azu, M.H. Essa, J Environ. Chem Eng.2021, 9 (1). DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104711.
[32] B. Alakent, K.K. Ozkiper, S.S. Uzun, Chemosphere .2022,308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.(2022).136248.
[33] S. Rebouh, M. Bouhedda, S. Hanini, Desalin & water treat. 2016, 57(14), 6515-6530. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1009171.
[34] Y. Msallem , A. Abdallah Abdallah El Hadj , M. Laidi , S. Hanini ,M. Hantabli , Neural comput & app .2021, 33,12493-12512. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-05890-2.
[35] J. Moreno-Pérez , A. Bonilla-Petriciolet , D.I. Mendoza-Cas¬tillo, H.E. Reynel-Avila, J Environ Chem Eng .2018, 6 (4) , 5389–5400, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jece.2018.08.038.
[36] M. Yusuf ,K. Song, L. Li , Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp.2020, 585, 124076, DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124076.
[37] M. Sediri , S. Hanini, M. Laidi, S. Abbas Turki , H. Cherifi , M. Hamadache, Mor J Chem .2017, 5 (2) , 236–243. DOI: http://revues.imist.ma/?journal=morjchem&page=login.
[38] H. Cherifi , S. Djezar, A. Korichi , K. Nekkache , H. Messahel , Desalination and Water Treatment.2016, 1-10. DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2016.1144692.
[39] A. Maren, C. Harston , Pap C.R, London: Academic Press.1990.
[40] S. Wold , L. Erikson , H. Van de Waterbeemd, Ed., Chemometric Methods in Molecular Design,” Weinheim: VCH Publishers.1995, 309–318.
[41] Y. Ammi , L. Khaouane , S. Hanini, Korean J Chem Eng .2015, 32(11) , 2300-2310. DOI: 10.1007/s11814-015-0086-y.
[42] S. Haykin , Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation. New York: Macmillan College Publishing Company.1999.
[43] D. Gonzalez, G. Lopezper , A.G. Gonzalez, Talanta .2002, 56, 79-90. DOI: 10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00537-9.
[44] Q. Shen , J.H. Jiang, C.X. Jiao ,W.Q. Lin, G.L. Shen, R.Q. Yu, J Comput Chem .2004, 25, 1726-1735.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20094.
[45] I. Parisa, M.H. Fatemi, I. Mahsa, Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2013, 87, 42-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.10.005.
[46] O. Prakash , F. Khan , R.S. Sangwan, L. Misra, MCF.2013,16(1), 57-72.DOI: 10.2174/1386207311316010008.
[47] M.D. Wessel, P.C. Jurs, Anal Chem .1994, 66, 2480-2487. DOI: 10.1021/ac00087a012.
[48] M. Laidi, S. Hanini, Int J Refrig. 2013, 36, 247-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.09.016.
[49] S. Chowdhury, P. Das Saha , Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2013, 20,1050-1058. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0912-2.
[50] Z.Aksu , O. Tunc , Process Biochem. 2005, 40 , 831–847. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.02.014.
[51] P.D. Saha, S. Chakraborty ,S. Chowdhury, Colloids. Surf .2012b , B 92, 262–270.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.11.057.
[52] C. Julin , W. Yunhai, J. Yanping , Y. Palizhati, Y. Shengxin, Dessalin & water treatment. 2013, 1-9,DOI:10.1080/19443994.2013.871349.
[53] P.D. Saha,S. Chowdhury, M. Mondal, K. Sinha, Sep Sci Technol .2012a,47,112–123. DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.610397.
[54] M.T. Uddin, M. Rukanuzzaman, M.K.R. Khan, M.A. Islam, J Environ Manage .2009, 90 , 3443–3450.DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.030.
[55] G.D. Garson, Artif Intell Expert.1991, 6,47.
[56]A.T.C. Goh, Artif Intell Eng.1995, 9, 143-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0954-1810(94)00011-S.
[57]Fabiano de Abreu Agrela Rodrigues. (2025). Related Hormonal Deficiencies and Their Association with Neurodegenerative Diseases. International Journal of Sustainable Science and Technology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijsusat.5
[58]García, R. (2025). Optimization in the Geometric Design of Solar Collectors Using Generative AI Models (GANs). International Journal of Applied Sciences and Radiation Research , 2(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijasrar.32
[59]Fabiano de Abreu Agrela Rodrigues, & Flávio Henrique dos Santos Nascimento. (2025). Neurobiology of perfectionism. International Journal of Sustainable Science and Technology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijsusat.6
[60]Nadya Vázquez Segura, Felipe de Jesús Vilchis Mora, García Lirios, C., Enrique Martínez Muñoz, Paulette Valenzuela Rincón, Jorge Hernández Valdés, … Oscar Igor Carreón Valencia. (2025). The Declaration of Helsinki: Advancing the Evolution of Ethics in Medical Research within the Framework of the Sustainable Development Goals. International Journal of Natural-Applied Sciences and Engineering, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijnasen.26
[60] García, R., Carlos Garzon, & Juan Estrella. (2025). Generative Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Lifting Lugs: Weight Reduction and Sustainability in AISI 304 Steel. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Radiation Research , 2(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijasrar.22
[61] Attia Hussien Gomaa. (2025). From TQM to TQM 4.0: A Digital Framework for Advancing Quality Excellence through Industry 4.0 Technologies. International Journal of Natural-Applied Sciences and Engineering, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijnasen.21
[62] Kumari, S. (2025). Machine Learning Applications in Cryptocurrency: Detection, Prediction, and Behavioral Analysis of Bitcoin Market and Scam Activities in the USA. International Journal of Sustainable Science and Technology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijsusat.8
[63]Ibeh, C. V., & Adegbola, A. (2025). AI and Machine Learning for Sustainable Energy: Predictive Modelling, Optimization and Socioeconomic Impact In The USA. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Radiation Research , 2(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijasrar.19
[64] Soyal, H., & Canpolat, M. (2025). Intersections of Ergonomics and Radiation Safety in Interventional Radiology. International Journal of Sustainable Science and Technology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijsusat.12
[65]Olola, T. M., & Olatunde, T. I. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Financial and Supply Chain Optimization: Predictive Analytics for Business Growth and Market Stability in The USA. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Radiation Research , 2(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijasrar.18
[66]Vishwanath Pradeep Bodduluri. (2025). Social Media Addiction and Its Overlay with Mental Disorders: A Neurobiological Approach to the Brain Subregions Involved. International Journal of Sustainable Science and Technology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijsusat.3
[67]Harsha Patil, Vikas Mahandule, Rutuja Katale, & Shamal Ambalkar. (2025). Leveraging Machine Learning Analytics for Intelligent Transport System Optimization in Smart Cities. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Radiation Research , 2(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijasrar.38
[68]García Lirios, C., Jose Alfonso Aguilar Fuentes, & Gabriel Pérez Crisanto. (2025). Theories of Information and Communication in the face of risks from 1948 to 2024. International Journal of Natural-Applied Sciences and Engineering, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijnasen.19
[69] Attia Hussien Gomaa. (2025). Value Engineering in the Era of Industry 4.0 (VE 4.0): A Comprehensive Review, Gap Analysis, and Strategic Framework. International Journal of Natural-Applied Sciences and Engineering, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijnasen.22
[70]Fabiano de Abreu Agrela Rodrigues, Flavio Henrique dos Santos Nascimento, André Di Francesco Longo, & Adriel Pereira da Silva. (2025). Genetic study of gifted individuals reveals individual variation in genetic contribution to intelligence. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Radiation Research , 2(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijasrar.25
[71] Chui, K. T. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Energy Sustainability: Predicting, Analyzing, and Optimizing Consumption Trends. International Journal of Sustainable Science and Technology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijsusat.1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
