Optimizing Environmental Performance in a Contemporary Hybrid Villa in Baghdad: A DesignBuilder Simulation of Vernacular Architecture Integration

Abstract

This study examines the integration of traditional architectural elements—"Shanasheel," "Bad-Geer," and "Al-Hosh"—into a hybrid contemporary villa in Baghdad's arid/dry climate. The research starts with employing an observational fieldwork alongside dynamic thermal simulations to analyze and contrast traditional Baghdadi homes with contemporary Iraqi residences. “DesignBuilder” software was employed to simulate operative temperature, solar gain, cooling load, daylight factor, and natural ventilation. The evaluation results indicated that the inclusion of vernacular components markedly has enhanced the thermal performance of hybrid villa, which interior peak temperatures reduced from 40°C to 31-35 ° C and solar gain decreased from 9.2 kW to 4.1 kW.  Moreover, the cooling load experienced an 8% decrease.  "Shanasheel" augmented daylighting and diminished solar heat gain, whilst "Bad-Geer" facilitated natural ventilation. The research emphasizes on the capability of vernacular architecture in improving energy efficiency and thermal comfort when used in design approaches of contemporary projects, promoting a hybrid methodology that integrates traditional and contemporary construction methods.  The research’s Recommendations include the integration of passive cooling techniques, the reintroduction of shade devices, and the modification of building rules to promote sustainable practices.