Penicillus capitatus as a promising marine bioresource: integrated evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory activities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.5353Keywords:
Penicillus capitatus, Phenolic-compounds, Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant activity, Enzyme inhibitory activityAbstract
Penicillus capitatus is a green macroalga traditionally used for medicinal purposes and has attracted increasing attention due to its potential pharmacological properties. Algae are important sources of bioactive metabolites with significant roles in nutrition and drug discovery. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activity, and enzyme inhibitory potential of methanol, ethanol, and water extracts of P. capitatus were evaluated.The extracts showed TPC values ranging from 16.09 ± 1.47 to 39.75 ± 0.71 μg GAE/mg and TFC values between 10.66 ± 0.84 and 32.71 ± 0.98 μg QE/mg. All extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.562–6.25 mg/mL. The ethanol extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity in the ABTS•⁺ assay (IC₅₀: 39.52 ± 0.41 µg/mL) and CUPRAC assay (A0.50: 146.02 ± 0.69), while no significant DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed (IC₅₀: >400 µg/mL). Metal chelating activity was detected in ethanol (IC₅₀: 135.41 ± 0.38 µg/mL) and methanol extracts (IC₅₀: 215.67 ± 0.36 µg/mL).Enzyme inhibition assays revealed that the water extract exhibited the strongest α-amylase (IC₅₀: 10.84 ± 0.92 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibition (IC₅₀: 5.21 ± 0.04 mg/mL), whereas all extracts showed weak acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
Overall, these findings suggest that P. capitatus is a promising natural source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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