The Role of Telomerase Activity in Virus- Induced Infections
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.544Keywords:
Virus, Infection, Telomere, TelomeraseAbstract
Kromozomların doğrusal uçlarında yer alan telomer adı verilen yapılar, kromozom bütünlüğünün korunmasında önemli rol oynar. Kısa telomerler, DNA hasarı tarafından üretilenlere benzer sinyaller üreterek hem yaşlanmaya hem de programlanmış hücre ölümüne yol açar. Telomeraz enzimi, telomer zincirlerinin uzun kalması için kısalmış telomerleri onarır. Telomerler üzerindeki telomeraz enziminin aktivasyonunu anlamaya yönelik çalışmalar, bu enzimin canlı hücreleri üzerinde hücresel gençleşmeye olumlu etki yapacağını, canlı hücrelerinin yaşam süresini uzatacağını, böylece yaşa bağlı hastalıkları oluşmadan önleyeceğini ve ayrıca yaşlılığa bağlı olarak gelişebilecek birçok kanser türünün ilk etapta ortaya çıkmasını imkansız hale getireceğini göstermiştir. Bu, hücrenin bölünme yeteneğini arttırır. Telomerazın hücresel transformasyon ve karsinogenezdeki rolünü belirlemek için telomeraz aktivitesi ile hayvan ve insan tümöral virüsleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. İnsan ve hayvan somatik hücrelerinde telomeraz aktivitesi çok az olmasına veya hiç olmamasına rağmen, telomeraz aktivitesinin onkojenik virüslerle enfekte olmuş hücrelerde devam ettiği ve hücresel yaşlanmayı önleyebileceği öne sürülmüştür. İlginç bir şekilde, insan ve hayvan onkojenik virüsleri, geliştirdikleri mekanizmalar aracılığıyla telomeraz enzimini yeniden aktive edebilir. Bu derleme, viral enfeksiyon ile telomeraz aktivitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran çalışmalardan derlenmiştir.
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